Leaders of the Equality Movement Essay - 1400 Words

Americans, during the second half of the nineteenth century, believed in the notion of equality, but a widely held definition of the word did not arise. This common definition did not arise because equality did not focus on one particular movement, but it spanned several fields of movements. Leaders of these movements defined equality differently because they all came from various backgrounds which lead them to various beliefs. Frederick Douglas, a former slave, used the word equality to further the cause of the right of vote to African Americans because of his perception that the vote would lead to African Americans becoming the same as white, while Chief Joseph, the Chief of the Nez Perce tribe, saw time after time seizure of land used†¦show more content†¦Education would be the only way for Blacks to have the opportunity to be on the same level as whites and show that the Black man can indeed work hard. Rejecting the right to vote would, â€Å"lead us to undervalue ours elves...and to feel that we have no possibilities like other men.† If African Americans undervalue themselves by not being educated they would have less the opportunity to show to whites they can work hard and achieve more than just farm work they endured in slavery. Universal suffrage is the right of every freed man in America, and Douglas wanted not to be the, â€Å"exception† and whites not to, â€Å"brand us with the stigma of inferiority.† Douglas believed that African Americans had every right to be on equal footing with the white man, and the only way to get rid of that sense of inferiority was to enfranchise African Americans. 2 Douglas came from the white context that African Americans should wait and, â€Å"in the natural course of events, the right of suffrage will be extended to the negro,† but to Douglas this was not equality. Once the Civil War was over, whites would forget the plight of the equality of the black man, and then , â€Å"it req uires the exercise of a higher power toShow MoreRelatedThe Women s Rights Movement886 Words   |  4 PagesEvery reformation requires a leader—someone to set an example for them, to remind them what they are fighting for, to be the first person to stand up for their cause. Each leader represents every individual in their movement and they have to be willing to sacrifice everything for the cause of their movement. As entrepreneur Bo Bennet said, â€Å"Without initiative, leaders are simply workers in leadership position.† In the women’s rights movement, there was someone who defied all standards set up forRead MoreAccording To Bethel University (2011), Leadership Is An800 Words   |  4 Pagesinteraction between the leader, the followers, and the situation. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership role in the civil rights movement represents a great leader. In addition, his leadership vividly portrays the dynamic between the leader, the followers, and the situation. While Dr. King’s dream for racial equality lacks fulfillment, interracial relations and equality have substantially improved as a direct result of Dr. King’s leadership. The qualities that made Dr. King a great leader and the impactRead MoreMichael Brown And The Anti Black Racism1270 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Brown and were not indicted. This movement was a response to the anti-black racism that exists in our society (Cullors, Tometi Garza, 2012). Foner and Garraty (1991) point out that the Civil Rights Act of 1968 was an initiative where Civil rights activists used nonviolent protests and civil disobedience to bring about change for freedom and equality. African American leaders risked their lives to speak out for change while participating in the movement. In 1964 legislation introduced byRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction1448 Words   |  6 PagesParty’s Reconstruction-era policies whose ideas, that tried establishing political and economic equality for African Americans. The KKK flourished in some regions in the South where, African Americans were a minority of the population. The KKK also targeted any individual or organization that would support minatory groups. Even at its height, the KKK was not a well-organized organization or had a clear leader. The organization’s members where all types of people ranging from planters, lawyers, merchantsRead MoreThe Feminist Movement By Elizabeth Cady Stant on848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ocean and gains momentum before crashing onto shore again. The feminist movement have been described as waves because it experiences similar motions. After the solidary force of the first wave, there was a recession in feminist activities that accumulated until it formed the second wave. The first wave feminist movement narrowed their principles and left a legacy of single-mindedness to the second wave feminist movement. The first wave’s focus caused the lull that is the unnamed problem and startedRead MoreSuffrage Mmovement Divided1024 Words   |  5 Pagesideas of gender, sexuality and equality. This diversity of perspectives often caused a division among women themselves and created deep divisions in the Women’s rights movement in the 19th and early 20th century. The difference between the suffragist and the feminist can be simplified down to the following; the suffragist sought women’s political equality, manifested in the right to vote, and the feminist sought for the right to vote along with gender equality and emancipation of women fromRead MoreEssay on Waiting Til the Midnight Hour1733 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly the civil rights movement that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s. I am a self-professed scholar of African American history and I found an amazing amount of information that I was not aware of. Like most who claim to be Black History experts, I was aware of the roles of Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey. However, I was not aware of the impact that so many lesser known figures had in the civil rights movement. It was refreshing to learn ofRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr., A Political Icon Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesracial equality, his faith in t he ultimate triumph of justice, and his insistence on the power of nonviolent struggle to bring about a major transformation of American society- are as vital and timely as ever. Many seek a leader that can provide assurance to their lives. Martin Luther Kings dream became that beacon of hope to African Americans and everyone seeking equality and justice. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. inspired people throughout the world to strive for the ideals of equality and non-violence;Read MoreThe Black Lives Matter : A Beacon Of Hope For The Minority Races Of America953 Words   |  4 PagesThe civil rights movement created a beacon of hope for the minority races of America, more specifically African Americans, who will fight against oppression. This echoing movement has manifested recently behind the certainty of the continuous oppression towards African American preceding the unfortunate deaths of two black men. The â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement has transpired extensively through twitter, a massive social media outlet, which has the ability to converge such a movement to prosperity andRead MorePolitical Leadership And Its Effects On African Americans1393 Words   |  6 Pageslead to the achievement of set goals. This requires the political leaders to have special skills that the ordinary citizen doesn’t have so as to lead i n a proper way. Additionally, leaders are expected to have the power to fight for the people’s rights to any opposing or discriminating the people. During the colonization time, most of the people from African countries were colonized by the Western countries that lead to the movement of these people from Africa to western Countries and America so as

The Case Against High School Sports - 1170 Words

In â€Å"The Case Against High School Sports,† Amanda Ripley, a journalist for The Atlantic, states that America is spending more money on high school sports rather than on academic purposes. â€Å"High School Sports Aren’t Killing Academics, â€Å" written by Daniel Bowen, a postdoctoral scholar at Rice University, and Colin Hitt, an assistant professor at the University of Arkansas, discusses the benefits that come out of sports programs to improve the classroom and the school’s social capital. Co-founder of a sports recruiting social network, Kai Sato’s article â€Å"The Case For High School Sports,† focuses on how school does not just involve scoring well on a math test but to educate us to be productive in what lies ahead. Ripley’s article discusses how†¦show more content†¦Bowen and Hitt identify that coaches can be role models and teachers at the same time, and that not having sports can take away the opportunity to interact with role models outside of school. The cost of being a coach can provide additional opportunities to be a mentor and help students succeed not just in the classroom but also on and off the field. The University of Arkansas’s Anna Egalite, Daniel Bowen, and Julie Trivitt find that athletic coaches in Florida mostly tend to perform just as well as their non-coaching counterparts, with respect to raising student test scores (Bowen and Hitt). There is more evidence that sports benefit academics and that they are worth the cost. According to Ripley, test scores seem to be lower when looking at students who play sports. In South Korea 15 year olds place fourth in the world for math score, in which none of them play any sports. Sports are more emphasized in America than anywhere else. Other countries are receiving academic accomplishments while ours is for sports and it is leaving our teachers in poverty. American kids spend more than twice the time Korean kids spend playing sport s, according to a 2010 study published in the Journal of Advanced Academics (Ripley). Bowen and Hitt’s research shows that schools with strong athletic programs have higher test scores. There is no evidence that school athletics are the reason for America’s lowest test scoresShow MoreRelatedThe Case Against High School Sports Funding in America894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Case Against High School Sports by Amanda Ripley started to make me think. There were many strong points about how the priorities of the sports are beginning to be more important to students than their education. Another great point was that the financing and budgeting is unfairly distributed throughout school districts and is spent more on athletics and clubs and not enough on classes. And I Believe that schools should put certain restrictions on the spending and promoting or in school sportsRead MoreHigh School Sports Be A Drastic Decision Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesPublic high schools in the United States are responsible for predominantly educating children in the classroom. However, an education should be well rounded and teach students about multiple different aspects of life. Fitness education, physical education, and high school athletics are competitive. Public high schools hold the responsibility to offer as many sports as possible and to support as many students to succeed. Terminating high school sports would be a drastic decision. â€Å"One 2010 study byRead MoreThe Benefits Of High School Sports1315 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction High schools in the US have had successful and popular sports programs that date back past the 19 century and have been a hit to this day. But in the US, high school sports are becoming too much of a necessity, students are more worried about how they will play their sport over how their grades are or if they are caught up in school. But has anyone ever considered, what might occur if these US high schools were to discontinue their sports teams? Would the schools benefit or become hinderRead MoreShould Marching Band Be Allowed?964 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Oxford Dictionary, sport means an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. (Strand, Brad, and Christa Sommer. Should Marching Band Be Allowed to Replace Physical Education Credits: An Analysis. The Physical Educator 62.3 (2005): 164. Academic OneFile. Web. 5 Dec. 2016.)By society the definition of a sport certain activities like golfing, football, or chess is categorized into these pastimesRead MoreCheerleading Is A Sport?1257 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Cheerleading is a Sport Cheerleading is one of the leading causes of catastrophic injuries in female athletes in high school and college levels, yet people still argue that it is not a sport and how â€Å"easy† it is. Reasons cheer is not labeled a sport yet is because all of the benefits that would need to be provided for cheer teams because of title IX, the primary purpose of cheer (not competing), and the fact that cheerleading would not exist if they labeled it a sport because then their primaryRead MoreNegative Effects Of Sports822 Words   |  4 Pages Are athletics truly the cause of students not succeeding in school? Several studies have shown that this is not the case. For example, for those students who participate in athletics, they are likely to continue to have a more improved lifestyle in the future, physically and mentally. When sports were once taken from schools, students couldn’t handle themselves, so sports are very important to kids. Not only that, their more active brain s are shown to have better standardized testing scores. HoweverRead MoreHigh School Sports Programs Should Be Funded1657 Words   |  7 PagesSports. Six letters, five consonants, one vowel, seems like a fairly normal word. However, the meaning of this one syllable word reaches far deeper than some countries can even imagine. Sports in America is an institution that many people experience on a daily basis, from participating in an activity, coaching a team, or even watching a game. In a study by Soven Bery, the NFL, MLB, and NBA put together make an annual revenue of 20.5 billion every year from America’s love of sports (http://bleacherreportRead MoreSports participation is perhaps seen as a determinant in the high academic achievement of students.1400 Words   |  6 Pages Sports participation is perhaps seen as a determinant in the high academic achievement of students. It can sometimes be through participation in sports that high school students are able to de velop the cerebellar and cerebral part of their brains which determines the level of brain function and learning. (1) Sports are one example of activities which involves team work and specific rules to be met by each participant. It is more than just a physical activity. It can be argued that toRead MoreSports And High School Are Beneficial848 Words   |  4 PagesSports in High School are Beneficial Students are people who study at school or college. At school students, lives are divided into two sections such as academic and athletic. During high school, sports become a good portion of students’ lives. Some parents send their children to study at school and considers sports a distraction to studies. A true sport requires energy, time, and determination..There are a few disadvantages to playing sports in High School but there are even more benefits to playingRead MoreThe Involvement Of Women During Sports1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe involvement of women in sports has a long history. In the 6th century, in ancient Greece, the Heraean Games were founded. They were held every four years in honor of the Greek Goddess Hera. Spartan women were encouraged to train like and often dominant most of their male counterparts (Rostkowska). Men and women were viewed the same and were believed to have the same abilities in terms of sports. So why is it still not completely the same t oday? In 1972, Title IX was passed requiring gender

Italy Tax System Free Essays

Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN BUSINNES LAW Tax system in Italy 2009/2010 Taxation in Italy The taxation system in Italy is administered by the Agenzia delle Entrate (Revenue Agency) which is the national legal authority for taxation. Taxation of an individual’s income in Italy is progressive. In other words, the higher the income, the higher the rate of tax payable. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy Tax System or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are reduced rates of tax and tax exemptions available to certain income earners. The liability for Italian income tax depends on where a person is domiciled. A domicile is usually the country we regard as the permanent home and where we live most of the year. A foreigner working in Italy for an Italian company who became resident in Italy and has no income tax liability abroad is considered to have a tax domicile in Italy. A person can be resident in more than one country at any time, but can be domiciled only in one country. The country of domicile is important regarding inheritance tax, as there’s no longer any inheritance tax in Italy. Generally, person is considered to be an Italian resident and liable to Italian tax if any of the following applies: †¢The person has permanent home in Italy; †¢He/She stays at least 183 days in Italy during any calendar year †¢Person carries out paid professional activities or employment in Italy, except when secondary to business activities conducted in another country; †¢The centre of person’s economic interest in in Italy If the person is registered as a resident in a comune, he/ she is liable to pay income tax in Italy. If a person moves to Italy to take up a job or start a business, he/she must register with the local tax authorities soon after the arrival. This is done at a local tax office. An individual is also liable for tax on his income as an employee and on income as a self-employed person. Tax will be payable on income earned in Italy and overseas by an individual who meets the test of a â€Å"permanent resident† of Italy. A foreign resident who is employed in Italy pays tax only on income earned in Italy. It is important to point out as regards taxable income from outside Italy, that a â€Å"tax credit† is granted for tax deducted outside Italy. In the case of income from a salary, the employer is obligated to deduct the amount of tax payable on a monthly basis. A self-employed person must prepay income tax that will be offset on filing an annual return. The advance payment is determined on the basis of the return made for the previous year. In the event of a new business, the advance will be calculated on the basis of estimates made by the owner of the business. The taxation system in Italy is divided into two categories: Direct taxes * IRPEF or IRE: Imposta sui Redditti delle Persone Fisiche ( Personal Income Tax) * IRPEG or IRES: Imposta sur Redditi delle Persone Giuridiche (Corportation Tax on the Income of limited liability and joint-stock companies – SRL or SpA) * IRAP: Imposte Regionale sulle Attivita Produttive (Regional Tax which applies to the value of goods and services) Italy Personal Income Tax rates in year 2009 * 23%0 – 15,000(EUR) * 27%15,001-28,000(EUR) * 38%28,001-55,000(EUR) * 41%55,001-75,000(EUR) 43%75,001 and over (EUR) Capital Gains Tax in Italy For individuals capital gains are generally added to the regular income. †¢The rate of tax payable on capital gains from shareholding is 12. 5% for non-qualifying shareholding of up to 25% in a company. †¢For the purpose of calculating a capital gain, the gain is decreased in line with the rate of increase in inflation, from the date of purchase to the da te of sale. In regard to capital gains in a corporation, identical relief is allowed at the rate of increase in the Index. †¢Companies pay 27. 5% tax on capital gains. In sale of participation, 95% is tax exempt, subject to certain conditions. Italy Reporting Dates and Payment The tax year in Italy ends on December 31st. Advance payments of tax are made on the following basis. †¢ An Individual – An individual whose only income is from a salary is not obligated to file an annual tax return. His employer deducts tax from the employee and transfers the payment immediately to the tax authorities on a monthly basis. †¢ A Self-Employed Individual is obliged to pay 100% of the tax forecast for a year, or an amount that is the equivalent of 98% of the tax paid in the previous year. The pre-payment is made in two installments. 40% of the total is paid by June 20th and the remaining 60% is paid on November 30. The date for filing an annual return for an individual is July 31. Fines are imposed for arrears in filing an annual return at the rate of 120% – 240% of the tax, depending on the length of time that the return is in arrears. †¢ A Limited Company – A limited company is obligated to submit Financial Statements within 30 days of the date of approval of the Statements. Up until the date of approval of the Statements, the Company is obligated to pay the amount of tax due for the previous year as well as 40% of the advance on account of the tax forecast for the current year. Italy Deduction of Tax at Source Italy Taxation of Employees As regards employed persons, the employer is obligated to deduct tax at source from an employee and to make additional contributions to social security. Italy Social Security †¢An employed person – th e employer’s contribution is around 30% of the salary and the employee’s contribution is around 10% of the salary. A self-employed person – the rate of payment is between 17%-25. 7% with an upper limit that changes from year to year. Indirect taxes * IVA (VAT) * Imposta di Registro (Registration Tax) * Imposte Ipotecarie e Catastali (Mortgage and Land Registration) * Imposta di Bollo (Revenue Stamps) * Accise o Imposte di Fabbricazione e consumo (Inland Duties) IVA (VAT) * Standard Rate 20% (since Oct 1997) Reduced Rate 10% Italy VAT Recovery Time: 18 months Italy VAT Registration Threshold Non-Resident: Nil Inheritance Tax ; Gift Tax There is no longer any tax on inherited property, regardless of its value and the relationship between the deceased and the heirs. On immovable property and real property rights, the catastral tax (imposta catastale) and land registry tax (imposta ipotecaria) must be paid at the rates of one percent and two percent, respectively, of the cadastral value of the property or the real property rights included in the inheritance. If one of the beneficiaries satisfies the conditions for the main or only residence (prima casa), the cadastral and land registry taxes due on an inheritance or a gift are a fixed amount of â‚ ¬168 each. In relation to gifts, the rules vary depending on the degree of kinship and the value of the gift. There are no taxes payable on gifts in favour of a spouse, descendants or other relatives up to the fourth degree. Gifts in favour of persons other than those mentioned above are subject to taxes on the transfer if the value of the share due to each beneficiary is greater. Other Taxes There are other taxes payable to central, regional, provincial or local governments. These are usually paid once a year. Bollo Auto (Car Tax), which includes the tax on your car radio and the stamp duty on your Italian driving licence * Bollo Moto (Motorbike Tax) * Bollo Motorino (Scooter Tax) * Canone RAI (TV Tax) * Tassa Rifiuti (Garbage Tax) * Imposta Comunale Sugli Immobili – ICI (Municipal Property Tax) Deductible Burdens and Tax Allowances Tax allowances include the so-called â€Å"no-tax area†, (a deduction of between â‚ ¬3,000 and â‚ ¬7,500 to avoid taxing those on low incomes), as well as allowances for dependant family members (dependant wife and/or children). Some deductible burdens (oneri deducibili) are expenses which can be used to reduce the total income. For example: some types of medical expenses, national insurance contributions, donations to religious institutions, donations to universities, research bodies and associations for the protection of assets of artistic interest, the cadastral income (income deriving from the value of any land owned) of the main residence are considered to be deductible burdens. Some deductible burdens are expenses which can be used to reduce the amount of the gross tax due. Again by way of example: medical expenses, passive interest on mortgages, education expenses, donations to Bodies or Foundations for research, for performing arts, for social purposes, donations to political parties. Each type of expense has its own rules for the deductions. For example: from rental property income a fixed amount of 15 percent of the income is deducted for expenses, while from business and self-employed income the expenses sustained for the carrying out of the activity are deducted. Some unearned incomes are taxed only on 40 percent of the amount. The majority of these burdens are not deductible from the income of non-residents. Other deductions in Italy Deductions must be made from the following payments to nonresidents according to this table: * Dividend27 (1. 375% to EU and EEA residents) * Royalties22. 5% * Interest12. 5 / 27% * Director’s Remuneration20% Deduction at source in the case of a dividend, royalties and interest paid to foreign residents is subject to the Double Taxation Prevention Treaty. Double Taxation Treaties Double taxation treaties contain rules that determine in which country an individual is resident. Italian residents are taxed on their world-wide income, subject to certain treaty exceptions. Non-residents are normally taxed only on income arising in Italy. Citizens of most other countries are exempt from paying taxes in their home country when they spend a minimum period abroad, e. g. a year. Double taxation treaties are designed to ensure that income that has already been taxed in one treaty country isn’t taxed again in another treaty country. The treaty establishes a tax credit or exemption on certain kinds of income, either in the country of residence or the country where the income was earned. Where applicable, a double taxation treaty prevails over domestic law. Italy has double taxation treaties with over 60 countries, including all members of the EU, Australia, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland India, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, RSA, Russia, Singapore, the Slovak Republic, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Turkey, and the US. Bibliography: SOCR. CZ. Pravidla pro volny pohyb sluzeb a svobodu usazovani v  EU- Italie. [online]. [cit. 2010-04-12]. URL:http://www. ocr. cz/images/prirucka/pdf/it. pdf, cit. 1 BUSINESSINFO:CZ. Italie: Financni a danovy sektor [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. URL:http://www. businessinfo. cz/cz/sti/italie-financni-a-danovy-sektor/5/1000683/ ANGLOINFO. COM. Personal Taxes – Income Tax, Capital Gains Inheritance Tax – in Italy. [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. URL: http://rome. angloinfo. com/countries/italy/tax. asp CANADI NTERNATIONAL. GC:CA. Income and Other Taxes in Italy. [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. http://www. canadainternational. gc. ca/italy-italie/consular_services_consulaires/tax_italy-italie_taxes. aspx? lang=eng How to cite Italy Tax System, Essay examples

Richard Wilbur Example For Students

Richard Wilbur Biography Richard Wilbur was a leading American poet of the 20th century and literary translator. Not only is he known for being a Pulitzer prizewinner and the national poet laureate but also for his ability to touch unsettling truths beneath the surface in his work. Richard Purdy Wilbur was born in New York City March 1, 1921, and grew up in North Caldwell, New Jersey. His literary career began when he was only eight years old from the publication of his first poem. Later he worked on the school newspaper at Montclair High School. He earned a degree at Amherst College, which he graduated from in 1942. After that, he served in the United States Army during World War II. After the army and graduate school at Harvard University, Richard Wilbur got a teaching March 1, 1921 – October 14, 2017position at Wellesley College. Then he spent two decades at Wesleyan University. His other teaching positions include job at Smith College (for a decade) and Amherst College (since 2011). Wilbur is also a member of the editorial board of the literary magazine The Common, which was founded at Amherst College. A former infantryman, after returning from World War II, he devoted himself to poetry and became one of the most prolific poets of his generation. His first book, The Beautiful Changes and Other Poems, appeared after the war in 1947. Since then, he has released several volumes of poems, including New and Collected Poems. As a translator, Richard specialized in the literature of the 17th century, the French comedy of Molià ¨re and Jean Racine’s dramas. His translation of Molieres comedic play Tartuffe became the standard for staging the English version of the play. Continuing the tradition of Robert Frost and W.H. Auden, a subtle observer of nature and a traditionalist Wilbur drew inspiration for his poetry from everyday life. His lyrical works achieved a little less popularity. He composed lyrics for several songs in 1956, e.g., for the musical of Leonard Bernstein Candide, including the famous Glitter and Be Gay and Make Our Garden Grow. The beginning of the poets literary activity was at the end of the 1940s, the period when experimental poetry replaces the formalistic tradition. However, Wilbur, throughout his career, prefers classical verse. Most of his poems are written in the metric form, they have a rhyme. Nevertheless, Wilbur’s meter is not something that has become fixed, unchanged. Most often this is a flexible varying meter. Sometimes a poet uses in his poems vers libre as an experiment. But even in vers libre, he imbues the rhyme. Wilburs works of the mature period of creativity, 1970s-1980s, are written in a simpler, more accessible language, decorativeness disappears, intonations approach speech. In the emotional sense, they become more emphatic, they show dynamics and drama. The peak of the writers popularity came in the 1950s. In 1983, his translation of Moliere’s comedy, The Misanthrope, earned him both the PEN Translation Prize and the Drama Desk Special Award. He also received two awards for Things of This World (Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award) in 1957. The list of awards also includes the Bollingen Prize, the Edna St Vincent Millay award, and the Chevalier, Ordre des Palmes Acadà ©miques.   Richard Wilbur was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959 and was named U.S. Poet Laureate in 1987. In 1994, Wilbur earned the National Medal of Arts from President Clinton (Clinton). 2006 was the year when he won the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, and in 2010 the National Translation Award for adaptation of The Theatre of Illusion by Pierre Corneille. .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa , .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .postImageUrl , .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa , .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:hover , .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:visited , .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:active { border:0!important; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:active , .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub02965cf8b81a63e402d6afac0908bfa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Albrecht DurerIn the Advice to a Prophet (1961), the poet sharply opposed the materialism and lack of spirituality of the post-war generation. A high appreciation of his poetry was given, among others, by Vladimir Nabokov and Joseph Brodsky. The latter translated several of Wilburs poems, which, in turn, translated into English several works by Brodsky, as well as Anna Akhmatova. As for his personal life, Richard Wilbur married Charlotte Hayes Ward in 1942, immediately after graduating from Amherst College. At that time she was a student at nearby Smith College. The couple had four kids, which at one time encouraged Wilbur to write childrens works. They combine a whimsical play of words and authors illustrations. The most demonstrative childrens literature is the Opposites (1973). Richard Wilbur died at the age of 96 in 2017 in a nursing home in Belmont, Massachusetts.

Voter Identification Laws

Common Application Essay on a Meaningful Place

Common Application Essay on a Meaningful Place Note that this essay option was dropped from the Common Application in the 2015-16 admissions cycle. This does not mean that applicants can not write about a meaningful place with the current Common Application. The topic of your choice option allows you to write about anything, and its also possible that an essay on your background or identity could focus on a meaningful place or environment. The fourth essay option for the 2013 and 2014 Common Application  asked applicants to discuss a place or environment that is meaningful to them: Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you? Except for the rare student who isnt content anywhere, this question will be a viable option for a wide range of applicants. Nearly everyone can identify a location that brings contentedness. But this doesnt mean the prompt isnt challenging. Applicants who choose this option will need to make sure they are presenting their chosen location effectively. The tips below can help: Choosing a "Place or Environment" Step one in tackling this prompt is coming up with a place or environment where you are perfectly content. You have a lot of latitude hereyou can write about any specific location on the globe (a place), or you can be less focused and discuss the type of surroundings (environment) that brings you contentedness. The place can be small or large, inside or outside, commonplace or extraordinary. You could also bend the question to explore imagined placeslocations accessible only through your imagination. As you brainstorm this essay prompt, think broadly about the place or environment you are going to discuss. Your options include: A building: Your house, church, school, tree fort, or grandmas home. A store, movie theater, cafà ©, restaurant, fitness club...An interior space: your bedroom, the secret room under the stairs, your science classroom, the locker room, your aunts kitchen, the shower, the drivers seat of your favorite car...An exterior space: the woods, the ocean, the lake, a city street, a rooftop, a meadow in bloom, the dessert at night...A travel destination: Machu Picchu, the San Diego Zoo, the top of Mount Washington, the Avenue des Champs-Élysà ©es, a food market in Shanghai, a tent in the Bad Lands...A performance or athletic venue: the stage of a concert hall, a tennis court, the football field, the shoulder of the road on a bike, the theater...An imagined place: the world portrayed in a painting, J.R.R. Tolkiens Middle Earth, Diagon Alley, the Star Ship Enterprise, Jane Austens England, Downton Abbey... The list could be much, much longer, and please dont let these limited suggestions steer you away from your own place of contentedness. What Does "Perfectly Content" Mean? Many students have interpreted this question to be asking about a place where they are at peace. Indeed, that is one way to read the question, and being in a peaceful state is one type of content state. But the word content can mean much more than a state of peacefulness. It is also a state of satisfaction, and you dont need to be peaceful to be satisfied. An adrenaline junkie might be most content when skydiving, and a musician might be most content when performing a solo to a standing-room-only crowd. These high-pressure situations can be magical, meaningful and content moments, but they are not peaceful. Be Careful When You "Describe" Always keep in mind that the essay is a place for you to tell the admissions folks more about yourself, and for you to demonstrate that you are well prepared for college. The first task asked of you in prompt #4 Describe a place or environment is also the least challenging part of the question. Describing, unlike analyzing, is a pretty low-level form of thinking. This part of the essay has no self-analysis or introspection, so it is not saying much about you, your passions, or how well your mind works. Because of this, dont spend too many of your 650 words describing. Be clear, concise, and engaging as you describe the place you have chosen, but then move on. The description should not be the bulk of your essay. The "What" and the "Why" The end of the prompt is most important. The question is asking you why you feel and act the way you do in your special place. Why is this place or environment meaningful to you? Dig deep. A shallow response isnt going to impress anyone. The student who writes Im most content on the soccer field because Ive always loved soccer hasnt really answered the question. Why do you love soccer? Are you a competitive person? Do you like the teamwork? Does soccer help you escape from other parts of your life? Does it make you a better person? How has your time on the soccer field made you grow? What exactly makes the soccer field so full of meaning for you? A Final Word About an Essay on a Meaningful Place If you really explore the why of this question and go easy on the describing, your essay will be on track to succeed. It might help to rethink prompt #4 in these terms: Tell us about a place that is meaningful to you so that we can get to know you better. The college is asking for an essay because it has holistic admissions, and the admissions officers really do want to get to know you as an individual. The essay is one of the only places on your application (aside from an interview) where you can put forth your personality, interests, and passions. Whatever you focus on in your application essay- whether it be a place, a person, or an event- the essay needs to be about you at its core. To test out your essay, give it to an acquaintance or teacher who doesnt know you particularly well, and ask what that person learned about you from reading the essay. Ideally, the response will be exactly what you want the college to learn about you. Last of all, no matter which essay prompt you choose, pay attention to style, tone, and mechanics. The essay is first and foremost about you, but it also needs to demonstrate a strong writing ability.

Business Psychology and Organisational Behaviour Essay - 3

Business Psychology and Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example It is believed to be gathering together the biological aspects or inborn features related to desires, urges, needs and impulses to seek immediate gratification. Id ignores consequences. Every individual tend to focus on the pleasure principle to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. In order to release tension it fantasizes and applies pleasurable sensations or feelings to any bodily functions (McKenna 31). The ego, Freud described, was related to the thinking and the problem solving aspect of personality. It has ability to learn through experience. It is based on reality principle. The ego controls id i.e. behavior and movements of the person through conscious approach. The ego selectively satisfies desires by avoiding negative impacts of the act. In other words, the ego postpones the release of the ids psychic energy until the right object or method is found. The concept of the ego is based on the individual’s conscious sense of himself (Edgcumbe 212). Superego emphasizes on the moral development standards and ethical values procured from parents or society. Every human being tends to internalize parental standards as their own. Superego uses guilt/anxiety as an important function. When aggressive forces stored in the superego are opposed with mental processes related to ego, it might lead to depression. When an individual is progressed from dependency towards autonomy, superego gradually becomes impersonal. The values acquired from parents get substituted by admired figures in society or high social ideals. His conscience acquires ethical character by the recognition of distinct principles and ideals. The interaction between these three mental processes gives rise to struggle which influences personality structure (Chan et al. 27). Id is a reservoir of psychic energy which does not obey any rules and regulations, while superego inhibits these intrinsic desires.  

Film Critique-Bioethical Imperatives Scholarship Essay

Film Critique-Bioethical Imperatives - Scholarship Essay Example With this concern, the essay examines the bioethical issues highlighted in the plots of these two movies by comparing and contrasting them, at the backdrop of the present relevant theories. Correspondingly, four ethical frameworks, including ‘justice’, ‘rights’, ‘duty’ and ‘virtue-based ethics’ will be addressed in this essay while comparing the above two films. The movies â€Å"And the Band Played On† as well as â€Å"The Rain Maker†, both addressed certain bioethical issues that emerged in the early 20th century based on the then conducted medical research. However, the former was a drama based on the suffering of the people and their lack of consciousness, giving an indication of the gaps persisting in the conservative society, while the later complied with the dimensions of all mystery, suspense and drama. â€Å"The Rain Maker† movie elaborated on a financial crisis faced by a boy suffering from leukemia, who could have been saved if only the insurance company was on agreeable terms to pay for the bone-marrow transplant (Cohen, n.d.). Subsequently, the plot for â€Å"And the Band Played On† was majorly focused on the ethical issues surrounding the rapidly increasing rate of HIV infection in early 1980s, indicating the influence of political factors on such issues (Noonan, 2008). The bioethics reflected in the latter revolves around the dimensions of medical ethics and its loopholes under the impression of strong socio-political judgments (Sass, 2007). Depending on the bioethical imperatives, four ethical frameworks have been considered to compare and contrast the plots in the two selected movies. The justice-based approach implies that people should be treated according to their respective hard work. However, the present world reflects a huge imbalance arising from uneven social power or financial power delegations (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, 2014). For instance, â€Å"The Rain Maker† focused on the inequality

Mandatory Military Service in the United States Research Paper

Mandatory Military Service in the United States - Research Paper Example Conclusion III. References Abstract A mediocre interpretation of the word â€Å"mandatory† will be obligatory or compulsory. The Mandatory Military Service of America carries out compulsory enrollment and induction into its services as part of its functions. With reference to the Legal Dictionary, enrollment is done through conscription also known as â€Å"draft†. However, draft and conscription are two different concepts. Conscription is the compulsory induction of individuals into the armed forces, as compared to draft which is the procedure by which people are conscripted. Men within a certain age group must register with the Selective Service for possible conscription, but this concept was suspended by 1973. According to this said source, conscription typically involves individuals who are deemed fit for military service. At times governments have instituted universal military service in which all men or people of a certain age are conscripted. Some American colonie s employed conscription. During the Revolutionary War, the American government used selective, temporary conscription to fill the ranks of its military. Congress passed the Selective Draft Act (40 Stat. 76). The act created a government office to oversee conscription. It also authorized local draft boards to select eligible individuals for conscription. The following year, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of conscription, noting that Article I of the Constitution gives Congress the power to "raise and support Armies". Presidential authority to conscript individuals into the U.S. armed forces ended in 1973. No individual has been conscripted into the military since then. Inception of the draft The idea that members of a community have a duty to defend it is as old as civilization itself. In a free society like ours, forcing citizens to fight involves conflicting notions of civic duty, individual freedom and equality. Although America has relied on an all-volunteer milit ary for most of its history, it was forced to draft men to fight the civil war and the wars of the 20th century. (Cited from Paul Ruschmann, Mandatory Military Service) George Washington was the first of a number of presidents to propose compulsory military training for all men. â€Å"Every citizen who enjoys the protection of a free government, not only owes a proportion of his property but also some of his personal services for the defense of it, and consequently that the citizens of America†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦should be borne on militia rolls†. Despite his proposal, his advice was overlooked and the all-volunteer militia remained. However, at the time of the civil war, there was enough man power to go to battle. The Confederacy which had a much smaller population than the Union authorized a draft. The next year, lawmakers followed suit. Despite attractive bonus packages, the Military was not attracting enough persons to raise an army strong enough to win the war. With the draft l aws conceived by the Union and the Confederacy, they allowed a man to hire a substitute to fight for him. During that era, that was the most intelligent means of exempting men engaged in essential civilian occupations. The law also exempted a man from serving by paying a $300 commutation fee to the government. Many Northerners complained that the civil was a â€Å"rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight† and anti-draft violence broke out in a number of cities. The worst unrest occurred in New York City, where anti-draft protests

History of Cricket in India

History of Cricket in India Cricket is religion in India. How many times have we heard that in the news, read that in newspaper, quoted in conversations? Though the National game of India is Hockey but it is cricket that has the Indian publics heart. People follow this game like a religion. People in India might not be aware of Indian Hockey teams captain but they are aware of cricketers playing for the first time in national colours. Corporate houses, politicians, even the media wants to get associated with cricket in one form or the other. This wasnt always the case with cricket. There was a time when cricket was a game only for the royals and the privileged and the common man had no or very little access to it. Cricket was started in India by the British as early as 1791. It wasnt late in the 19th and early 20th century that it was played with a lot more interest. In 1932 India became one of the few counties to be given the right to play international cricket. A lot of people along with the then king of England followed the game. India, along with other countries became a regular in International cricket, but it was an average cricket playing nation. It was followed by a lot of people now, but there was very little media coverage. This might have been due to the poor performance of Indian cricket team during this time. This might also be attributed to the fact that Indian Hockey was at its best during this time racking in medals after medals at Olympics and other International events. In 1983, a shocking turn of events took place; India won the World Cup. They did so by beating the then cricket powerhouse West Indies in the finals. Indian cricket team received a heros welcome. They were the new talk of the town. Everybody wanted to see them, talk about them and know about them. Around this time, television also started making its way into Indian peoples drawing rooms. This is when the media, though limited in its scope, got a chance to bring these cricketers closer to Indian audiences and fans. This was to open a door of endless possibilities which were beneficial for both the parties. This was the first time Indian cricketers started making money through endorsements and sponsorship deals. This trend was started by Sunil Gavaskar. But Media had a big hand to play in it. The popularity of these cricketers was as much due to the coverage of their feats in the newspapers, television news (mainly Doordarshan) and radio. In the 90s two other new changes came which were about to revolutionize cricket and media both. The advent of cable television was about to change how news was viewed and how Indian audiences looked at entertainment. The rise of Sachin Tendulkar also was a phenomenon which brought unlimited money into cricket and cricketers became richer and richer through sponsorship deals and endorsements. In 1995, worldtel signed Sachin Tendulkar for Rs 30 crore, and after this, there was no looking back for cricketers. The beginning of 24 hours news channels saw the start of entertainment and news merging together. The media got too involved in the lives of cricketers and everything a cricketer did was in the limelight. The audience wanted to know everything about their favourite cricketer and the media delivered. This led to the crazy idolization of cricketers when they performed and their fall was even more dramatic whenever they failed. Media was instrumental in shedding light on the match fixing scandal that shook the cricket world. Before that, the cricket world used to talk about it in hush tones and nobody was sure what was going on. But the whole Hansie Cronje incident also brought down many big names and media had a big role in providing evidence against the culprits. Initially the role of the media in Indian cricket was progressive during the transitional period in the Indian cricket, where we were transitioning from an average cricket playing nation to a force to reckon with. But now, the Indian media, in my opinion (particularly the electronic media) does not serve the interest of the people and cricket in general in fact some of it is positively anti-cricket. The Indian media today is busy making profits or helping some political party fulfil a political agenda. Earning money through selling stories about crickets to the masses and bringing controversies like these are not the only motive that media has with cricket. Media often diverts the attention of the people from real issues to non-issues. The real issues in India are socio-economic. Even in cricket the real issues are development based. In olden times emperors used to say if you cannot feed them bread, then give them circus This is what the Indian media is doing today. Nobody would disagree with the fact that a little entertainment in news would not harm anyone, but today the media is overdoing it. Media distracts people from real issues using entertainment and what better way to distract people than cricket. The best example of this would be India-Pakistan relations. The partition of 1947 and the resultant turmoil triggered off hatred, distrust and prejudice in almost every sphere of activity in the sub-continent. Interestingly, it was cricket that formed the first bilateral exchange in 1952 when Pakistan, led by Abdul Hafeez Kardar, toured India, evoking a spontaneous, albeit tense, response. It was reciprocated two years later when India paid the first official visit under Vinoo Mankad, generating an equally sensitive response. Yet since 1947 a cricket conflict brewed simultaneously between the two countries, based on the nationalist antagonism between the two teams and backed by passionate fans on both sides. And even today whenever there is a talk of the Indian and Pakistani dialogue over politics and peace process, it starts with resuming Indo-Pak cricket ties. And thus starts the agenda of distracting the general public from the real issues. Indian public, (not as a generalisation) is not disappointed with the failure in the peace negotiati on as long as we win the cricket match between the two countries. Today Indo-Pak cricket offers a striking case study to see how a political conflict between two states has trickled down to the mass level and saturated the mass psyche to such an extent, that political hostilities are not only played on the Line of Control but also on the cricket field. This mass psyche of a purported nationalist conflict has been also revved by years of state propaganda against the enemy country, which permeated in all forms of interaction and exchange with the enemy be it sports or war. Media often divides people. Be it about bomb blast, Indias Foreign policy or Indias chances in the next cricket world cup. It is healthy for a country and its people to have debates and opposing views, but the way media works in India, we are being fed opinions about how we should think about policies, personalities and situations. Our views and opinions are polarized by the media and we see through their eyes. There was a time when Indian cricketers did not have money, and except for the cricketers playing at the international level, domestic cricketers had to struggle with their career and money. But Indian cricket board became one of the richest sporting bodies in the world. And then came IPL, the country was divided between whether it was fair for cricketers, especially young cricketers starting their careers, to get ridiculous amount of money. Then there was corruption and this heated up the debate even more. IPL was used by politicians, movie stars, corporate houses and media houses as well to their advantage (not taking into account Deccan chronicles recent decline). IPL became a way for everyone to earn money and easy publicity. Media also became a part of this honey pot. Constant coverage of not just cricket but of the cricketers activities, the parties and the over analysis of performances, all became part of what media circus that was IPL. Media has now become so powerful that based on one failure or success it can create stars and make villains. The Ganguly-Chappell controversy was brought to the general public by the media. Something that was supposed to stay in the dressing room was now at the medias disposal. It led to the downfall of both Ganguly as well as Greg Chappell. Media and the players have started to understand how to use each other for their own benefit. Players have started using media to increase their popularity, joining social networking sites, remaining in the public eye. All this gets them bigger and better pay checks. Today the fee these stars charge for a single endorsement is astronomical. Media has had a big role to play in that. Also a lot of players make up some controversy right before they release their autobiography. They leak some controversial part of the book and then media does the rest. But Media also benefits from these cricketers. Players give them sound bites, come as guests for expert opinions, which raises the TRPs of their programs and gets them advertising spots as well. Indian Public has been fed with large amount of information by the 24 hours news channels but the quality and standard of its content have become extremely narrow. The glitz and the glamour of television have taken the Indian viewer by storm. They surf from channel to channel, mindlessly viewing and getting information that they might not need leaving them confused and perplexed and unable to think for themselves and thats when media feeds them information that they want the viewer to take. The amount of money involved in cricket today and the influence it holds over the general Indian public is huge, and that make a very powerful motivator for the media to use cricket as a tool to further its agendas in India and the world.

Improving Management Styles Essay -- essays research papers

Improving Management Styles and Their Function   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the article When the Problem is Management, author Lawrence Sawyer takes a look at the different styles that managers have in their practice, how they can better perform their functions and how they relate to the four basic functions of management. As an internal auditor, Mr. Sawyer provides some insight to these managers in helping them and their departments make better use of the tools they have and points out what basic function they are violating. This article and its basic points relate directly to the assigned 1st week’s reading in our Management 330 textbook and is an excellent example in how to relate the reading to a real life example. Ways to improve one’s own organization or their specific department in their own organization can be taken and applied as well, as this article is an excellent review on the functions of management and how they put their practices into effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the article, Mr. Sawyer recalls many experiences he has had in dealing with managers of different organizations and how he has found that whatever flaws was found could be directly related to the four basic functions of management, which are planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Planning is described as the function preceding all other functions and allows a smooth and proper flow through the remaining functions by establishing objectives and goals and following procedures and rules that have been set. An excellent example was given of an audit performed for a company where a manager’s practice in governing his engineer’s time schedule was scrutinized. The manager was made to realize from his own work how he had three years of planned backlog. This was seen and accepted by the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management Functions 3 manager and corrective action was taken to regain control of the tasks at hand. Better planning practices were implemented to establish priorities and cut completion time expectations for his engineers. Good organization practices are described more as a counter to failure than a guarantee for success. Responsibility, auth... ...ecisions that are very routine often consume much time in getting supervisory approval and would be very easy to delegate to the agents responsibility. Also, upper level management be surprised at how interesting it would be to an ordinary agent to learn about how forecasting works and the outcomes of other reports in our department. In conclusion, Lawrence Sawyer’s assessment of the importance of the four basic functions of management and the different styles managers have in implementing them was very informative. Anyone should be able to take this evaluation and better improve their own personal management habits and styles and see how they can be applied to their surrounding work environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management Functions 6 Resources Sawyer, Lawrence B. (1998, August). When the problem is management. Internal Auditor Vol. 55 Issue 4, p33, 6p. [EBSCOhost]. University of Phoenix Online Collection. Available: http://www.apollolibrary.com/srp/ubm/mgt330.asp: (2002, August 5).

Postcolonial Novel Essay

To fully understand Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart, one must not fall for the idea that there is one main purpose for the novel. Simply stated the story is much too rich and complex for that. The themes of Okonkwo’s life, and the Ibo culture, are twofold: it is the relation of the conflict between an individual and society, and also the description of the conflict between the larger forces of cultures clashing. Support for this dual thesis is overwhelming. To begin with the text itself demands that interpretation. Things Fall Apart clearly begins with a focus directly aimed upon the main character of Okonkwo. It is going to revolve around his life. However, at the very same time, the protagonist is not mentioned even one time early on without being connected simultaneously with thoughts of both his home village and the larger culture of the Ibo people. This cannot be ignored. One could argue that rather than being a larger purpose book Things Fall Apart is just a novel of the life and growth of one man, but this is rather silly and simple. The title of the book puts one right on the path to refuting this, giving context to a larger meaning. It is clearly encouraging one to look at larger ‘things’ as opposed to a person. This is coupled with the basis for the title itself, quoted on the flyleaf: The Yeats’ poem The Second Coming: Turning and turning in a widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world. (Quoted in Things Fall Apart). Therefore given the context of a large chaotic world it would be more than naive to assume a different interpretation, that of a more concentrated work based upon an individual. To best prove the ambivalent statement of purpose about Achebe’s novel it is vital to review critical and popular commentary. This book has struck a highly resonant chord with readers in the fifty years since its first publication. It unabashedly describes an African culture in such a way that the power of the society is shown, and the power of the African individual is also demonstrated. Naturally, all minority groups and oppressed people can find inspiration within the pages. As a result, as may be expected, strong opinions have been catalogued as analysis over time. This paper reviews two such supports for each purpose stated in the thesis. The first part deals with the conflict between individuals and society. The primary source naturally is the book itself. Briefly paraphrased Okonkwo is a well known warrior. He is extremely self centered and important at the beginning of the novel. This has as its roots a severe cynicism regarding the life and experiences of his father Unoka. In a world where the society of Ibo is stronger than the individuals, this lack of respect seeps into Okonkwo’s world. The foible is too much and eventually pits him at odds with his society. Charles H. Rowell held a conversation regarding this aspect of Things Fall Apart with the author himself. What resulted was a fine understanding and awareness of this thesis through the words of Achebe. One example of his thought process and the workings of the story of Okonkwo on a personal level is this answer. â€Å"People are expecting from literature serious comment on their lives. They are not expecting frivolity† (250). Or as Rowell comments, the creation of Achebe’s stories such as Okonkwo’s are not made just to entertain. They are to connect with readers about their own experiences and then instruct them from there. Rowell’s interview shows an awareness of the importance of the social story. His questions aim to reveal this oft overlooked aspect of writings such as Things Fall Apart. It is tempting, he relates to merely dismiss (if this is even fair wording) the book as commenting only on the larger theme of Ibo society and what happens when an established social realm is invaded by foreigners. Instead he and Achebe through the discussion point to the power of a narrative surrounding the conflict that one can have on a smaller, more concentrated level: the conflict that occurs when one runs counter to their own society’s expectations. When Okonkwo becomes too heavily involved on a personal level with the sacrifice of the neighboring Mbaino culture, he runs into direct opposition to the world directly around him. That and his character traits create early conflict and show to the world a story based upon that – an important revelation to readers across the spectrum that may find themselves sometimes in this predicament. The biography of Achebe by Ezenwa-Ohaeto reveals this purpose to be true as well. And this comes from a treatment of just where Achebe was in his own personal life and the moods and hopes that he possessed while writing the book. He was working as a controller at the time in Eastern Region when he first began attempting to introduce Things Fall Apart to the publishing world. At this time, he ran into the sort of direct conflict with his own society, ironically, that he would develop in the story of Okonkwo. There was great objection to a book about Africans by Africans at the time. The 1950s were not exactly a compassionate moment for the words of Africans. Independence was on the horizon for many countries, but there was also a great deal of fear. This desire of many to not rock the boat, so to speak, put those who would speak out in a path of intersection with their own society (65). This only encouraged Achebe to produce a vision of that for his protagonist. There must be the strong character trait in one that wishes to change his social culture for the better, he reflects in his novel. The experience of Okonkwo is the experience of an individual in conflict with his society and the results that may come, unexpected or not, from that. The second section concerns itself with the conflict inherent when two cultures clash. This is the broader perspective, necessarily, compared to the experience of the individual. This also is the more basic and popular understanding of the novel. It is very easy to see all of the reasons why. Again, a look at the primary source of the novel is the starting point for any discussion. Commentary on the book will never quite serve the reader as well as the book itself. And what does it indicate? Most of the second section of the story is examining what happened to the Ibo people and their culture when the white culture insidiously worked their way into it. It broke the home culture into pieces. Things did, indeed fall apart. Consider this quote directly from the book: If we fight the stranger we shall hit our brothers and perhaps shed the book of a clansman. But we must do it. Our fathers never dreamed of such a thing, they never killed their brothers. But a white man never came to them. So we must do what our fathers would never have done. (Achebe 203). There is no better analysis of this second theme of Achebe’s work. Two cultures clash. Chaos results. And yet that is only the superficial layer of the problem, as this quote clearly shows. The problem that occurs when cultures come into contact and then conflict with each other is the assimilation effect. There will always be faction that fall prey to the invaders and their attractive ideas. Sometimes that is enough for them to forget the values of their peoples. This conflict then with their own home society can cause open resentment and actual warfare. Then the culture falls into shambles even worse as shared societal values are discarded. In the end there are not only two social cultures left: the home and the invaders. There are three: the home culture, the invaders, and the home culture that is infected by the invaders. None of them are true allies and only further conflict can be expected. Chapter three of John Ball’s book Satire and the Postcolonial Novel (79-114) examines this issue and the breakdown that results from it. He takes the even larger view that is used often as well when looking at the clashing of the Ibo with the whites that have come into their world. He reviews this setting of Things Fall Apart to be a criticism and revelation of the greater issues of colonialism in Africa (and other parts of the world, for that matter) as seen through one African author’s eyes. Rather than look too thoroughly at the early parts of the novel, he focuses rather on the part of the book in which the two cultures come into contact. This is the point of departure for this second theme. It is accurate to say that most of the pages from that spot and onward deal with this cultural clashing issue. I think, too, that it is accurate that this does work as a satire. That is to say that I fully believe that Achebe is trying to achieve this effect. Only too well did he personally understand what happens when two completely variant cultures meet. His hope and the hope of the Africans around him was that if treated peacefully, the foreign culture would come in and only benefit them, but he also saw the harsher side of the realities. This is how Things Fall Apart deals with the situation. Ball is not the only one who could see this expression in the novel and in other works by Achebe. It is a strong defense of the idea that one of the two main themes of the book is that of what happens when two cultures clash. A final proof would use is Isidore Okpewho’s commentary on Achebe in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: A Casebook. She sees too this problem with assimilation, cultural conflict and resultant expectations. These are all the values and stories of Things Fall Apart. Seen from the outside she has several comments and thoughts about how these topics are addressed by connecting them to the outside world at the time of the writing. She describes the authorship of this book as being a â€Å"succession of forces controlling his [Achebe’s] development as a writer† (5). This is a great assessment. It sets the stage for understanding the direction of his landmark work Things Fall Apart. It is indeed this stage that the book concerns itself with. There is a succession of forces, to use Okpewho’s words, that are acting upon the Ibo culture. These control the development of the world of that African region and create mass conflict between the two cultures. The assimilation effects, she continues, were strongest in the Ibo part of the world. This is accurately reflected, too, in the sinister ways in which the foreigners crept in with their influences. That is the warning cry of Okonkwo with the text. He sees that the policy of indirect rule is only designed to place one group of people into opposition with another group of their own people. This splinters and fragments the strength of the initial cultures. It created enemies where there weren’t any other, as reflected in the quote concerning the killing of brethren, used above. This was the white way. It is no surprise then, that this theme would find its way so strongly into Things Fall Apart. The topic is addressed as a cautionary tale. Achebe had already seen this happen in his own world. He saw the sad results. He knew how destructive the penetration of home cultures could be. All of these can be found in Part Three of the book. â€Å"It is already too late,† said Obierika sadly. â€Å"Our own men and our sons have joined the ranks of the stranger. They have joined his religion and they help to uphold his government† (176). It is the despondent tone of the theme describing the clash of cultures. All of the above commentary from several sources, combined with a close and analytical reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart reveals the thesis to be strongly supported. Of the novel’s purpose, two things then are true: it aim to relate an expression of conflict between an individual and society, while concurrently exploring the description of conflicts resulting from the larger forces of cultures clashing. References Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books, 1994. Print. Ball, John C. Satire & the Postcolonial Novel: V. S. Naipaul, Chinua Achebe, Salman Rushdie. New York: Routledge, 2003. 79-114. Print. Ohaeto, Ezenwa. Chinua Achebe: A Biography. Oxford: James Currey, 1997. Print. Okpewho, Isidore, Ed. Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: A Casebook. Oxford: UP, 2003. Print. Rowell, Charles H. â€Å"An Interview with Chinua Achebe. † Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: A Casebook. Ed. Isidore Okpewho. Oxford: UP, 2003. 249-272. Print. Conversations with Chinua Achebe. Ed. Bernth Lindfors. Jackson, MS: UP, 1997. Print.

Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton essays

Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton essays What would happen to a lonely married old man, an ailing wife and a young cheerful girl when they were living together in a house? Thats totally what happening to Ethan Frome, his wife Zeena Frome, and her companion Mattie Silver. I would like to tell you about the major characters individually. Ethan is a farmer whose family has been on the same farm for ages. He feels a strong connection to the young pretty girl, Mattie, his wifes cousin. He was attracted by Mattie on the day she came. He never has good mood with his wife, Zeena. Although he is not satisfied with his wife, he never dares to express his feeling. Once he wants to say we shall never be alone again like this to Zeena in the kitchen. Zeena Frome is Ethans sickly wife. She is interested in the treatment of her own illness, displaying her imagined illness to catch others attention. She loves to be the center of people. Because of her physical sickness, she holds the dominant position in their family. Her cousin, Mattie, is employed to be the dominant helper because Zeena is always sick and not able to do the housework. Matter is Zeenas cousin, who is employed as household help by Zeena. Her father and mother died when she was twenty. With her fifty dollars from the sale of her piano, she comes to assist the Fromes with their domestic tasks. She falls in love with Ethan as he is the only one who treats her well and being nice to her. When Zeena wants to adopt a kid and let the kid replace Mattie. Mattie and Ethan both find that they cant leave each other. Mattie wants to go down the coast with Ethan and never comes up anymore. But finally she and Ethan didnt die. The author, Edith Whartons style is characterized by simplicity and sometimes even barrenness appropriate to the stark and tragic quality of the whole story. She controls her style is the best using of words. Her imagery is always ...

How Lobbying works

How Lobbying works In the United States, lobbyists work on behalf of big companies or the public. The lobbying process usually assumes two categories, the indirect and the direct kind. Direct lobbying involves â€Å"meeting a politician and providing him/her with details relating to a law or a bill that is under vote† (Nownes 14).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Lobbying works? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indirect lobbying can also be referred to as grassroots lobbying and it involves influencing the politicians’ votes by changing public opinion. Public members then contact their representatives and inform them about their acquired opinions on the issue under discussion. Lobbyists usually come into contact with both legislators and their aides. During the lobbying process, lobbyists advocate for interests that might be affected by changes in legislation. The main purpose of lobbying is to employ checks and balanc es to the law making process. The status of a lobbyist is not the same as that of an ordinary voter because while a voter has only one vote, a lobbyist has the power to influence politicians directly. In addition, lobbyists usually have access to a lot of money and this gives them immense influence. Lobbying activities do not depend on which party is in power. Lobbyists have the ability to work against party policies and manifestos. The independent nature of lobbying makes it a good tool of democracy. The lobbying process is enshrined in the constitution through the First amendment. This Amendment gives the people â€Å"the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (Nownes 34). This right is enjoyed by individuals, professionals, nons of lobbying activities might include a campaign spearheaded by oil companies that are interested in convincing the Congress to amend oil-drilling rules, a campaign by software companies that seek to convince the Congress to t ighten copyright laws, and a campaign by a humanitarian society that wants the government to increase the welfare budget. On the other hand, indirect lobbying involves trying to appeal to an elected official’s electorate. Indirect lobbying might involve sending letters to voters explaining a certain issue and then asking them to contact their representatives. In addition, lobbyists might address rallies or public forums that urge citizens to sway their politicians’ opinion on a certain issue.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nowadays, lobbying is often marred by controversy. Lobbyists are viewed by most citizens as individuals who would stop at nothing to sway politicians even if the process involves corruption. For instance, a lobbyist by the name Jack Abramoff claimed to have spent over one million dollars in one year through politicians’ incen tives. Some people are of the view that the only way to eliminate corruption from lobbying is by abolishing it entirely. However, lobbying has proved useful in some instances and it is protected by the constitution. Lobbying has at times worked against the interests of citizens. During the Ford Pinto disaster, lobbyists made the situation worse by delaying the recall of the faulty vehicle models. This delay proved fatal because several innocent citizens lost their lives. Almost everyone can engage in lobbying because no certification is required before becoming a lobbyist. Lobbying is important to the country’s law making process. However, the process is often misused by politicians and big corporations. The solution to this misuse lies with the politicians. Politicians are still answerable to those who elect them to office. Therefore, being swayed by unscrupulous lobbyists might cost politicians their political careers. Nownes, Anthony. Total Lobbying: What Lobbyists Want ( and how they try to get it), New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print.

Critical Incidents Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Incidents Response - Assignment Example ense to establish agencies that control data centers in the states/cities and who can be of assistance when a state is under duress, whether medical, weather-related or physiological. Such agencies do exist, but have yet to pick up speed as was shown up in the tragic carnage in Virginia Tech. This Paper examines how the national grid has been networked and its command and control set up. In any data gathering and collating agency, the inputs can be inundating in volume, with a high level of irrelevance. All the same, every bit of information must be considered as actionable intelligence until proved otherwise. ‘Analysis must be objective and independent of political considerations. Since no single Agency has the ability to cater to the variability, pace, activity level and anticipated quantum of demands of information and its analyses, it must utilize distributed expertise, regardless of where in the Intelligence Community (IC) this expertise is. Collaboration must the norm in the IC, overcoming technical, policy and administrative barriers. The analytical process must be transparent, with logical argumentation and evidence-supported analyses. If intelligence gaps cannot be covered within the IC, the IC must tap external expertise to obtain relevant data, even if international agencies are to be involved’ (www.fas.org). As far as practicable, data and a nalysis sharing must be in real time and all operating agencies and operators data-linked. In an emergent situation, one of the most critical information systems is the Public Information System. ‘The US National Incident Management System (NIMS) requires that public information be organized around a Joint Information System (JIS) that is overseen by the Public Information Officer (PIO). The Public Information Officer (PIO) represents and advises the Incident Commander on all public information matters relating to the management of the incident. The PIO handles: The PIO also oversees other functions required

Role of Parole Officers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of Parole Officers - Essay Example (Michigan Civil Services Commission, n.d.). The positive aspect of being a parole officer is the sense of achievement of having made a positive contribution towards the rehabilitation of an offender and towards the protection of society. The salary is attractive and increases commensurate with experience and educational qualifications. Free training is gained and a pension after 20 years. The disadvantages of the job are the risk of career burn-out and developing a distorted view of society. It must also be acknowledged that home visits to offenders do involve a degree of risk. The irregular work hours are another con of this position. The required qualifications are a working knowledge of psychology, sociology and criminology, department laws and parole rules and regulations, interviewing techniques, effective communication and public relations skills, high stress tolerance, and the ability to conduct investigations, evaluate findings, and prepare reports. (Michigan Civil Services Commission, n.d.). I am not interested in this career as I am not confident that I have the ability to tolerate continuous exposure to offenders. This requires a level-headedness and a certain toughness which I do not possess. My ability to empathize with people is one of my strengths. I am not certain that this empathy will serve me in good stead as a parole office. This role requires the ability to provide practical guidance and not

PC, MPC, consumption function nd th siz of multiplir Essay

PC, MPC, consumption function nd th siz of multiplir - Essay Example It is clcultd s th chng in consumption xpnditur, DC, dividd by th chng in disposbl incom, DYD, tht brought it bout. In othr words, th mrginl propnsity to consum is msurd s th rtio of th chng in consumption to th chng in incom, thus giving us figur btwn 0 nd 1. Th MPC cn b mor thn on if th subjct borrowd mony to finnc xpnditurs highr thn thir incom. On minus th MPC quls th mrginl propnsity to sv. It is ffctd by fctors such s th prviling intrst rt nd th gnrl lvl of consumr surplus tht cn b drivd from purchsing.1 Totling, conomists oftn spk of th mrginl propnsity to sv (MPS), which is th frction of xtr incom tht popl sv. Givn tht popl ithr sv or consum dditionl incom, th sum of th mrginl propnsity to sv nd th mrginl propnsity to consum should qul on. Th vlu of th mrginl propnsity to consum should b grtr thn zro nd lss thn on. vlu of zro would indict tht non of dditionl incom would b spnt; ll would b svd. vlu grtr thn on would mn tht if incom incrsd by $1.00, consumption would go up by mor thn dollr, which would b unusul bhvior. For som popl MPC of 1 is rsonbl, mning tht thy spnd vry dditionl dollr thy gt, but this is not tru for ll popl, so if w wnt consumption function tht tlls us wht popl on th vrg do, vlu lss thn on is rsonbl. vrg Propnsity to consum is th... Shift in th Consumption Function Th consumption - incom rltionship chngs whn othr fctors thn incom chng - for xmpl ris in intrst rts or fll in consumr confidnc might ld to fll in consumption spnding t ch lvl of incom. ris in houshold wlth or ris in consumr's xpcttions might ld to n incrsd lvl of consumr dmnd t ch incom lvl (n upwrd shift in th consumption curv). Th min diffrnc btwn PC nd MPC lis in th fct tht PC is th vrg consumption t ch lvl of incom, mnwhil, MPC is th chng in consumption rsulting from chng in incom. Th multiplir is th mount by which chng in utonomous xpnditur is mgnifid or multiplid to dtrmin th chng in quilibrium xpnditur. Th multiplir quls 1/(1 - MPC) or, ltrntivly, 1/MPS. Th siz of th multiplir dpnds on th mrginl propnsity to consum: th highr th mrginl propnsity to consum, th highr th multiplir. highr mrginl propnsity to consum mns tht lrgr shr of ny incrs in incoms is thn spnt on consumption. highr mrginl propnsity to consum mns tht th ggrgt dmnd lin--th lin rprsnting totl spnding s function of incom--is stpr. Th MPC is dirctly (positivly) rltd to th siz of th multiplir. Th MPS is invrsly (ngtivly) rltd to th siz of th multiplir. stpr ggrgt dmnd lin mns tht vn smll upwrd (or downwrd) shift in it will hv lrg ffct on whr it crosss th 45 dgr incom-xpnditur lin, nd thus lrg ffct on ntionl incom. This is wht is clld lrg vlu of th multiplir. Th xggrtd chng tks plc bcus chng in production (such s wht occurs whn invstmnt xpnditurs purchs cpitl goods) gnrts incom, which thn inducs consumption. Howvr, th rsulting consumption is lso n xpnditur on production, which gnrts mor incom, which inducs mor consumption. Th nxt round of consumption lso triggrs n ltr in production, which gnrts vn mor incom, nd

Jessie Pope Essay Example for Free

Jessie Pope Essay Jessie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title  Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she  did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a game for the above  reason and also emphasises that it is the biggest game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, the biggest thats played, Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The game is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between the red crashing game and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? This shows that Popes outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can.

Managerial Roles As Identified By Mintzberg

Managerial Roles As Identified By Mintzberg In this role the managers regularly seek out information related to the organisation and industry. They monitor relevant changes in the environment and also monitor their teams productivity and well-being. Examples of workplace experience include maintaining personal contact, attending seminars and training; and reading reports. Spokesperson Managers represent and speak on their organisations behalf. In this role they are responsible for transmitting information about their organisation and its goals to the people outside of the organisation. Examples are conferences and reports. Figurehead The manager performs social, ceremonial and legal responsibilities. The manager is expected to be a source of inspiration. Someone people can look up to, someone with authority. In this role the manager acts as a symbolic leader. An example is the signing of legal documents. Leader In this role, managers provide leadership for their team, department or organization as a whole; and manage subordinates performances and responsibilities. Examples of workplace experience include the training and interactions with employees. Liaison Managers establish and maintain communication with internal and external contacts. This entails the effective networking on behalf of the organisation. An example is the participation in meetings with representatives from other divisions inside the organisation or other businesses. Entrepreneur The manager must create and control changes within the organisation. This entails the solving of problems, generation of new ideas and the implementation thereof. An example is the housing shortlist and the provision of thereof. QUESTION 1 Continued†¦ Resource Allocator In this role the manager needs to determine where the organisational resources are best applied. This involves the allocation of funding, the assignment of staff and other organisational resources. This also involves the drafting and approval of plans, schedules, budgets and setting of priorities. Disturbance Handler Deals with the mediation of disputes and problems; and takes corrective actions. The manager settles conflicts between subordinates; choose strategic alternatives and overcome crisis situations. QUESTION 2 2.1 The role and importance of a mission statement is to describe the organisation in terms of the customers needs it aims to satisfy, the goods or services it aims to supply and the markets it intends to pursue. The mission statement describes the organisations purpose for existence and it details facts such as what the organisation is all about, who the organisation is and the type of business it is in. The role and importance of a vision statement is to describe where the organisation wants to be in the future. An example would be, a natural water bottling company who wants to expand into flavoured water bottling, and the marketing and selling thereof. 2.2 The mission and vision of an organisation must be enforced through tactical planning. This is the process of making detailed decisions about what has to be done; who will be doing it and how it will be done. The statements are best developed if input by all the members of the organisation is acquired and the people working in the organisation need to believe it, in order for the customers to believe in it. QUESTION 3 EXPLAINING THE BENEFITS THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED BY THE SOUND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOUR MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS FOR THE DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTIVITY MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 1: PLANNING The benefit that can be achieved by implementing planning is that you will know exactly how you will accomplish your goals for improving productivity. You will know exactly what has to be done, how it is to be done, when it needs to be done and by whom it is to be done. An overall direction will be established, you will identify and commit the correct resources and you will know which tasks have to be done. Planning provides structure and guidelines and the development of strategies will take place. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 2: ORGANISING Through organising, the hierarchy of the production team will take shape. You will determine who is most qualified to perform the work and help you improve productivity. The benefit of organising is thus the establishment of a strong team who can be developed even further through training. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 3: LEADING The benefit of leading is that you can influence and motivate your subordinates towards the improvement of productivity. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 4: CONTROL By implementing control, you will guide the production team towards improving productivity. You will monitor and compare the teams actual activities against the production goals. The benefit of control is; if the actual doesnt compare with the plans, you can make the changes needed to match the productivity with the goals as set out. EVENTUAL BENEFITS The eventual benefits of improvement of productivity will mean employee satisfaction. Subordinates will take pride in their jobs, which in turn will mean that the quality of the products produced will be improved. The improvement of productivity will mean higher volumes of products will be produced, which will create customer satisfaction. This will increase turnovers, which will create profit generation for the organisation. Document Prepared By: Loriaan Isaacs QUESTION 4 4.1 A skill is the ability to accomplish specific tasks by demonstrating specific behaviours, while a competency is the aptitude to participate in non-routine intellectual activities. Skills and competencies can be strengthened through further studies, through hands-on experience and on the job training and also by taking on new responsibilities. 4.2 The six competencies that managers should possess are: Communication competency Planning and administration competency Teamwork competency Strategic action competency Global awareness competency Self-management competency Communication competency is the effective transfer and exchange of information that leads to the understanding between yourself and others. It includes informal communication, formal communication and negotiating. Informal communication is the building of strong interpersonal relationships via two-way communication, with a wide range of people, formal communication includes clear, concise and effective writing, and negotiating is the skill of exercising upward influence with superiors, laterally with peers, downward with subordinates as well as externally with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. Planning and administration competency involves deciding what tasks need to be done, determining how they can be done, allocating resources to enable them to be done and then monitoring progress to ensure that they are done. It includes information gathering, analysis and problem solving; planning and organizing projects; time management; and budgeting and financial management. This competency includes the taking of calculating risks and the anticipation of the consequences, the prioritizing of tasks, monitoring of schedules and the understanding of budgets, cash flows, financial reports, annual reports and the uses of such information. 4.3 Evaluation of Loriaan Isaacs by Duane Spandiel, LLB graduate Loriaans informal communication competency is very good, she communicates well with a wide range of people. Her formal communication competency is excellent, but I found that her negotiating competency requires further training and developing. QUESTION 4 Continued†¦ 4.3 Evaluation of Loriaan Isaacs by Duane Spandiel, LLB graduate continued†¦ I found her planning and administration competency lacking. She needs to grow in this department and I am sure that she will be capable to be excellent in risk taking and prioritizing tasks, after she had undergone further development and training. QUESTION 5 5.1 Delegation of authority is the downward transfer of formal authority from superior to subordinate. The employee is empowered to act for the manager, but the manager remains accountable for the outcome. 5.2 The six principles for improving delegation of authority are: Establish goals and standards Every manager before delegating the powers to the subordinates should be able to clearly define the goals as well as the results expected from them. The standards of performance should also be notified clearly. Define authority and responsibility The manager should maintain a balance between authority and responsibility. If a subordinate is given a responsibility to perform a task, he should be given enough authority to carry out the task effectively. Involve subordinates The manager should allow subordinates to participate in brainstorming ideas, the manager must be prepared to consider the ideas of their subordinates. Require completed work The manager must be clear with the results expected. The manager must determine the acceptable level of performance. Provide training The manager must provide employees with training to prepare them for greater responsibilities. Establish adequate controls The manager should measure the employees success against the goals set. The manager should stay on top of things and hold the employee accountable. The manager should establish feedback controls. QUESTION 6 6.1 The three levels of management in an organization are First-Line Managers, Middle Managers and Top Managers. 6.2 Three primary tasks of First-line managers include responsibility for the production of goods or delivery of services, supervision of employees in their everyday tasks and leading employees who do the actual work. Middle managers are responsible for directing and coordinating the activities of first-line managers, they transform top managements strategies into specific goals and plans for line management to implement, and they carry out top managers directives by delegating authority to their subordinates. Top management tasks include the provision of executive leadership and strategic vision, they are responsible for the overall direction of an organization and they manage the strategic planning process. QUESTION 7 Departmentalisation is the grouping of jobs that belong together in order to reach the organisations goals, example: National, Provincial and Local Government. The four basic types of departmentalization are: Functional departmentalization Place departmentalization Product departmentalization Customer departmentalization